Bit Manipulation

Given a non-empty array of integers nums, every element appears twice except for one. Find that single one. You must implement a solution with a linear runtime complexity and use only constant extra space.

Given two integers dividend and divisor, divide two integers without using multiplication, division, and mod operator. The integer division should truncate toward zero, which means losing its fractional part. For example, 8.345 would be truncated to 8, and -2.7335 would be truncated to -2. Return the quotient after dividing dividend by divisor.

You are given an m x n binary matrix image where 0 represents a white pixel and 1 represents a black pixel. The black pixels are connected (i.e., there is only one black region). Pixels are connected horizontally and vertically. Given two integers x and y that represents the location of one of the black pixels, return the area of the smallest (axis-aligned) rectangle that encloses all black pixels. You must write an algorithm with less than O(mn) runtime complexity

The [Hamming distance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammingdistance) between two integers is the number of positions at which the corresponding bits are different. Given two integers x and y, return the Hamming distance between them_.

The complement of an integer is the integer you get when you flip all the 0's to 1's and all the 1's to 0's in its binary representation. For example, The integer 5 is "101 " in binary and its complement is "010 " which is the integer 2. Given an integer num, return its complement.

Given a positive integer n, find the smallest integer which has exactly the same digits existing in the integer n and is greater in value than n. If no such positive integer exists, return -1. Note that the returned integer should fit in 32-bit integer, if there is a valid answer but it does not fit in 32-bit integer, return -1.

Given a positive integer n, return the number of the integers in the range [0, n] whose binary representations do not contain consecutive ones.

Given a positive integer num, return the smallest positive integer x whose multiplication of each digit equals num. If there is no answer or the answer is not fit in 32-bit signed integer, return 0.

You are given an n x n binary matrix grid where 1 represents land and 0 represents water. An island is a 4-directionally connected group of 1's not connected to any other 1's. There are exactly two islands in grid. You may change 0's to 1's to connect the two islands to form one island. Return the smallest number of 0's you must flip to connect the two islands.

The complement of an integer is the integer you get when you flip all the 0's to 1's and all the 1's to 0's in its binary representation. For example, The integer 5 is "101 " in binary and its complement is "010 " which is the integer 2. Given an integer n, return its complement.

Given a positive integer k, you need to find the length of the smallest positive integer n such that n is divisible by k, and n only contains the digit 1. Return the length of n. If there is no such n, return -1.

The Tribonacci sequence Tn is defined as follows: T0 = 0, T1 = 1, T2 = 1, and Tn+3 = Tn + Tn+1 + Tn+2 for n >= 0. Given n, return the value of Tn.

A sentence is a list of words that are separated by a single space with no leading or trailing spaces. For example, "Hello World ", "HELLO ", "hello world hello world " are all sentences. Words consist of only uppercase and lowercase English letters. Two sentences sentence1 and sentence2 are similar if it is possible to insert an arbitrary sentence (possibly empty) inside one of these sentences such that the two sentences become equal. For example, sentence1 = "Hello my name is Jane " and sentence2 = "Hello Jane " can be made equal by inserting "my name is " between "Hello " and "Jane " in sentence2. Given two sentences sentence1 and sentence2, return true if sentence1 and sentence2 are similar. Otherwise, return false.

Given three integers, k, digit1, and digit2, you want to find the smallest integer that is: Larger than k, A multiple of k, and Comprised of only the digits digit1 and/or digit2. Return the smallest such integer. If no such integer exists or the integer exceeds the limit of a signed 32-bit integer (231 - 1), return -1.

Write a function that takes the binary representation of an unsigned integer and returns the number of '1' bits it has (also known as the [Hamming weight](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammingweight)).

Given an integer n, return an array ans of length n + 1 such that for each i (0 0 1 --> 1 2 --> 10

Reverse bits of a given 32 bits unsigned integer. Note: Note that in some languages, such as Java, there is no unsigned integer type. In this case, both input and output will be given as a signed integer type. They should not affect your implementation, as the integer's internal binary representation is the same, whether it is signed or unsigned. In Java, the compiler represents the signed integers using [2's complement notation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement). Therefore, in Example 2 above, the input represents the signed integer -3 and the output represents the signed integer -1073741825.

Given an array nums containing n distinct numbers in the range [0, n], return the only number in the range that is missing from the array.

Given two integers a and b, return the sum of the two integers without using the operators + and -.

Given a signed 32-bit integer x, return x with its digits reversed. If reversing x causes the value to go outside the signed 32-bit integer range [-231, 231 - 1], then return 0. Assume the environment does not allow you to store 64-bit integers (signed or unsigned).