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Mind. Mind can be defined as an instantiation of intelligence. Mind can be defined as a collection of knowledge.
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Is thinking, feeling, and meaning mind or know - how?Cognitive science is the study of mind processes. A cognitive scientist studies intelligence and behavior. Cognitive science focus on how brain cells process and transform information. Cognitive Science also tries to learn how to develop intelligent computer algorithms.
A mental model is an internal picture of the external reality.
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Scientists expects that a model plays a major role in reasoning and decision - making (cognition).Kenneth Craik suggested in 1943 that the mind constructs "small-scale models" of reality when trying to anticipate events. â The image of the world around us, which we carry in our head, is just a model. Nobody in his head imagines all the world, government or country. He has only selected concepts, and relationships between them, and uses those to represent the real system. Jay Wright Forrester, 1971.
Scientists are trying to discover what separates human intelligence from artificial intelligence. What is the status? What is the future?
Early AI systems were reactive. Reactive systems cannot use past experience. In 1997 a reactive machine ("IBM Deep Blue") beat the world champion in chess. "Deep Blue" could not think. But it was stored with information about the chess board, and the rules for moving chess pieces. "Deep Blue" won because it was programmed to calculate every move to win.
Today, AI systems can use some information from the past. One example is self-driven cars. They can combine pre-programmed information with information they collect while they learn how to drive.
Theory of Mind is a term from psychology about an individual's capacity for empathy and understanding of others. This is an awareness of others being like yourself, with individual needs and intentions. One of the abilities language users have, is to communicate about things that are not concrete, like needs, ideas, or concepts.
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Simon Baron - Cohen,British psychologist and professor at the University of Cambridge, argues (1999) that "Theory of Mind" must have preceded languages, based on knowledge about early human activities: