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Overview
A website is often divided into multiple sections, like a top header, navigation menu, main content, and a footer: There are tons of different layout designs to choose from. However, the structure above, is one of the most common, and we will take a closer look at it in this tutorial.
A header is usually located at the top of the website, and often contains a logo or the website name:
Example header {
background-color: #f1f1f1;Formula
text - align:center;
padding: 10px;
}A navigation bar contains a list of links to help visitors navigate through your website:
/* Style the topnav */
ul.topnav {
display: flex;
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background-color: #333333;
}/* Style links in topnav */
ul.topnav li a {
display: block;
color: #f1f1f1;
padding: 14px 16px;Formula
text - decoration:none;
}/* Change color on hover */
ul.topnav li a:hover {
background-color: #dddddd;
color: black;
}How the content of a website should be shown, often depends on the device of the users. The most common layouts are:
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1 - column layout(often used for mobile browsers)
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2 - columns layout(often used for tablets and laptops)
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3 - columns layout(only used for desktops)
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1 - column:
2 - column:
3 - column:Here we will create a 3-column layout, and change it to a 1-column layout when the width of the screen is less than 600px:
Example div.flex-container {
display: flex;/* Show the flex items horizontally */
flex-direction: row;
}
div.flex-container > div {
margin: 10px;
}/* Use media query and show the flex items vertically if screen width is less than 600px */
@media screen and (max-width:600px) {
div.flex-container {
flex-direction: column;
}
}Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet pretium urna. Vivamus venenatis velit nec neque ultricies, eget elementum magna tristique.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet pretium urna. Vivamus venenatis velit nec neque ultricies, eget elementum magna tristique.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Maecenas sit amet pretium urna. Vivamus venenatis velit nec neque ultricies, eget elementum magna tristique.
@media rule in our CSS Media Queries chapter.
CSS Flexbox chapter.
The footer is placed at the bottom of a webpage. It often contains information like copyright and contact info. The following example shows a basic footer styling:
Example footer {
background-color: #f1f1f1;Formula
text - align:center;
padding: 8px;
}The following example shows a fixed footer that is always visible at the bottom of the page, regardless of scrolling:
Example footer {
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;left:
0;
width: 100%;
background-color: #f1f1f1;
padding: 8px;
text-align: center;
z-index: 1000;
}In this example, we use media queries together with flexbox to create a responsive website, containing a flexible navigation bar and flexible content.