Git Amend

Git Amend is a command that allows you to modify the most recent commit. You can use it to fix typos, add or remove files, or change the commit message.

Use Git Amend when you need to make small changes to your last commit. It's perfect for fixing mistakes, adding forgotten files, or updating the commit message.

To change the last commit message, follow these steps: Open your terminal and navigate to your repository.

to change the commit message. Press Enter to save the changes.

Example git commit --amend -m "Corrected commit message"

To add files to the last commit, follow these steps: Open your terminal and navigate to your repository.

to add the file to the staging area. Type git commit --amend to add the file to the last commit. Press Enter to save the changes.

Example git add forgotten.txt git commit --amend

To remove files from the last commit, follow these steps: Open your terminal and navigate to your repository. Type git reset HEAD^ -- <file> to remove the file from the staging area. Type git commit --amend to remove the file from the last commit. Press Enter to save the changes.

Example git reset HEAD^ -- unwanted.txt git commit --amend 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

Example git log --oneline 07c5bc5 (HEAD -> master) Adding plines to reddme

81912ba Corrected spelling error

836e5bf (origin/update-readme, update-readme) Updated readme for GitHub Branches daf4f7c (origin/html-skeleton, html-skeleton) Updated index.html with basic meta facaeae (gh-page/master) Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/w3schools-test/hello-world e7de78f Updated index.html. Resized image 5a04b6f Updated README.md with a line about focus d29d69f Updated README.md with a line about GitHub e0b6038 merged with hello-world-images after fixing conflicts 1f1584e added new image dfa79db updated index.html with emergency fix 0312c55 Added image to Hello World 09f4acd Updated index.html with a new line 221ec6e First release of Hello World! Oh no! the commit message is full of spelling errors. Embarrassing. Let's amend that:

Example git commit --amend -m "Added lines to README.md" [master eaa69ce] Added lines to README.md

1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-))

Example git log --oneline eaa69ce (HEAD -> master) Added lines to README.md

81912ba Corrected spelling error

836e5bf (origin/update-readme, update-readme) Updated readme for GitHub Branches daf4f7c (origin/html-skeleton, html-skeleton) Updated index.html with basic meta facaeae (gh-page/master) Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/w3schools-test/hello-world e7de78f Updated index.html. Resized image 5a04b6f Updated README.md with a line about focus d29d69f Updated README.md with a line about GitHub e0b6038 merged with hello-world-images after fixing conflicts 1f1584e added new image dfa79db updated index.html with emergency fix 0312c55 Added image to Hello World 09f4acd Updated index.html with a new line 221ec6e First release of Hello World! We see the previous commit is replaced with our amended one!

Messing with the commit history of a repository can be dangerous. It is usually ok to make these kinds of changes to your own local repository. However, you should avoid making changes that rewrite history to remote repositories, especially if others are working with them.

--amend works the same way as above. Just add them to the staging environment before committing.