An HTML form is used to collect user input. The user input is most often sent to a server for processing.
The <form> Element
The HTML <form> element is used to create an HTML form for user input:
<form>
.
form elements
.
</form>The <form> element is a container for different types of input elements, such as: text fields, checkboxes, radio buttons, submit buttons, etc.
All the different form elements are covered in this chapter: HTML Form Elements .
The <input> Element
The HTML <input> element is the most used form element.
An <input> element can be displayed in many ways, depending on the type attribute.
Here are some examples
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| <input type="text"> | Displays a single-line text input field |
| <input type="radio"> | Displays a radio button (for selecting one of many choices) |
| <input type="checkbox"> | Displays a checkbox (for selecting zero or more of many choices) |
| <input type="submit"> | Displays a submit button (for submitting the form) |
| <input type="button"> | Displays a clickable button |
All the different input types are covered in this chapter: HTML Input Types .
Text Fields
The <input type="text"> defines a single-line input field for text input.
Example
<form>
<label for="fname">First name:</label><br>
<input
type="text" id="fname" name="fname"><br>
<label for="lname">Last
name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname">
</form>Live preview
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
Note
The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of an input field is 20 characters.
The <label> Element
Notice the use of the <label> element in the example above.
The <label> tag defines a label for many form elements.
The <label> element is useful for screen-reader users, because the screen-reader will read out loud the label when the user focuses on the input element.
The <label> element also helps users who have difficulty clicking on very small regions (such as radio buttons or checkboxes) - because when the user clicks the text within the <label> element, it toggles the radio button/checkbox.
The for attribute of the <label> tag should be equal to the id attribute of the <input> element to bind them together.
Radio Buttons
The <input type="radio"> defines a radio button.
Radio buttons let a user select ONE of a limited number of choices.
Example
<p>Choose your favorite Web language:</p>
<form>
<input type="radio" id="html" name="fav_language"
value="HTML">
<label for="html">HTML</label><br>
<input
type="radio" id="css" name="fav_language" value="CSS">
<label
for="css">CSS</label><br>
<input type="radio" id="javascript"
name="fav_language" value="JavaScript">
<label for="javascript">JavaScript</label>
</form>Live preview
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
Checkboxes
The <input type="checkbox"> defines a checkbox .
Checkboxes let a user select ZERO or MORE options of a limited number of choices.
Example
<form>
<input type="checkbox" id="vehicle1" name="vehicle1" value="Bike">
<label for="vehicle1"> I have a bike</label><br>
<input
type="checkbox" id="vehicle2" name="vehicle2" value="Car">
<label for="vehicle2">
I have a car</label><br>
<input type="checkbox"
id="vehicle3" name="vehicle3"
value="Boat">
<label for="vehicle3"> I have a boat</label>
</form>Live preview
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
The Submit Button
The <input type="submit"> defines a button for submitting the form data to a form-handler.
The form-handler is typically a file on the server with a script for processing input data.
The form-handler is specified in the form's action attribute.
Example
<form action="/action_page.php">
<label for="fname">First
name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" name="fname"
value="John"><br>
<label for="lname">Last name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="lname" name="lname" value="Doe"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>Live preview
This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:
The Name Attribute for <input>
Notice that each input field must have a name attribute to be submitted.
If the name attribute is omitted, the value of the input field will not be sent at all.
Example
<form action="/action_page.php">
<label for="fname">First
name:</label><br>
<input type="text" id="fname" value="John"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>Live preview