Constants in SciPy
As SciPy is more focused on scientific implementations, it provides many built-in scientific constants.
These constants can be helpful when you are working with Data Science.
PI is an example of a scientific constant.
Example
from scipy import constants
print(constants.pi)Constant Units
A list of all units under the constants module can be seen using the dir() function.
Example
from scipy import constants
print(dir(constants))Unit Categories
The units are placed under these categories:
- Metric
- Binary
- Mass
- Angle
- Time
- Length
- Pressure
- Volume
- Speed
- Temperature
- Energy
- Power
- Force
Metric (SI) Prefixes
Return the specified unit in meter (e.g. centi returns 0.01 )
Example
from scipy import constants
print(constants.yotta) #1e+24
print(constants.zetta)
#1e+21
print(constants.exa)
#1e+18
print(constants.peta) #1000000000000000.0
print(constants.tera)
#1000000000000.0
print(constants.giga) #1000000000.0
print(constants.mega)
#1000000.0
print(constants.kilo) #1000.0
print(constants.hecto)
#100.0
print(constants.deka) #10.0
print(constants.deci)
#0.1
print(constants.centi) #0.01
print(constants.milli)
#0.001
print(constants.micro) #1e-06
print(constants.nano)
#1e-09
print(constants.pico) #1e-12
print(constants.femto) #1e-15
print(constants.atto) #1e-18
print(constants.zepto) #1e-21Binary Prefixes
Return the specified unit in bytes (e.g. kibi returns 1024 )
Example
from scipy import constants
print(constants.kibi) #1024
print(constants.mebi)
#1048576
print(constants.gibi) #1073741824
print(constants.tebi)
#1099511627776
print(constants.pebi)
#1125899906842624
print(constants.exbi) #1152921504606846976
print(constants.zebi)
#1180591620717411303424
print(constants.yobi) #1208925819614629174706176Mass
Return the specified unit in kg (e.g. gram returns 0.001 )
Example
from scipy import constants
print(constants.gram) #0.001
print(constants.metric_ton) #1000.0
print(constants.grain) #6.479891e-05
print(constants.lb) #0.45359236999999997
print(constants.pound) #0.45359236999999997
print(constants.oz) #0.028349523124999998
print(constants.ounce) #0.028349523124999998
print(constants.stone) #6.3502931799999995
print(constants.long_ton) #1016.0469088
print(constants.short_ton) #907.1847399999999
print(constants.troy_ounce) #0.031103476799999998
print(constants.troy_pound) #0.37324172159999996
print(constants.carat) #0.0002
print(constants.atomic_mass) #1.66053904e-27
print(constants.m_u) #1.66053904e-27
print(constants.u) #1.66053904e-27Angle
Return the specified unit in radians (e.g. degree returns 0.017453292519943295 )
Example
from scipy import constants
print(constants.degree) #0.017453292519943295
print(constants.arcmin) #0.0002908882086657216
print(constants.arcminute) #0.0002908882086657216
print(constants.arcsec) #4.84813681109536e-06
print(constants.arcsecond) #4.84813681109536e-06Time
Return the specified unit in seconds (e.g. hour returns 3600.0 )
Example
from scipy import constants
print(constants.minute) #60.0
print(constants.hour) #3600.0
print(constants.day) #86400.0
print(constants.week) #604800.0
print(constants.year) #31536000.0
print(constants.Julian_year) #31557600.0Length
Return the specified unit in meters (e.g. nautical_mile returns 1852.0 )
Example
from scipy import constants
print(constants.inch) #0.0254
print(constants.foot) #0.30479999999999996
print(constants.yard) #0.9143999999999999
print(constants.mile) #1609.3439999999998
print(constants.mil) #2.5399999999999997e-05
print(constants.pt) #0.00035277777777777776
print(constants.point) #0.00035277777777777776
print(constants.survey_foot) #0.3048006096012192
print(constants.survey_mile) #1609.3472186944373
print(constants.nautical_mile) #1852.0
print(constants.fermi) #1e-15
print(constants.angstrom) #1e-10
print(constants.micron) #1e-06
print(constants.au) #149597870691.0
print(constants.astronomical_unit) #149597870691.0
print(constants.light_year) #9460730472580800.0
print(constants.parsec) #3.0856775813057292e+16Pressure
Return the specified unit in pascals (e.g. psi returns 6894.757293168361 )
Example
from scipy import constants
print(constants.atm) #101325.0
print(constants.atmosphere) #101325.0
print(constants.bar) #100000.0
print(constants.torr) #133.32236842105263
print(constants.mmHg) #133.32236842105263
print(constants.psi) #6894.757293168361Area
Return the specified unit in square meters (e.g. hectare returns 10000.0 )
Example
from scipy import constants
print(constants.hectare) #10000.0
print(constants.acre) #4046.8564223999992Volume
Return the specified unit in cubic meters (e.g. liter returns 0.001 )
Example
from scipy import constants
print(constants.liter) #0.001
print(constants.litre) #0.001
print(constants.gallon) #0.0037854117839999997
print(constants.gallon_US) #0.0037854117839999997
print(constants.gallon_imp) #0.00454609
print(constants.fluid_ounce) #2.9573529562499998e-05
print(constants.fluid_ounce_US) #2.9573529562499998e-05
print(constants.fluid_ounce_imp) #2.84130625e-05
print(constants.barrel) #0.15898729492799998
print(constants.bbl) #0.15898729492799998Speed
Return the specified unit in meters per second (e.g. speed_of_sound returns 340.5 )
Example
from scipy import constants
print(constants.kmh) #0.2777777777777778
print(constants.mph) #0.44703999999999994
print(constants.mach) #340.5
print(constants.speed_of_sound) #340.5
print(constants.knot) #0.5144444444444445Temperature
Return the specified unit in Kelvin (e.g. zero_Celsius returns 273.15 )
Example
from scipy import constants
print(constants.zero_Celsius) #273.15
print(constants.degree_Fahrenheit) #0.5555555555555556Energy
Return the specified unit in joules (e.g. calorie returns 4.184 )
Example
from scipy import constants
print(constants.eV) #1.6021766208e-19
print(constants.electron_volt) #1.6021766208e-19
print(constants.calorie) #4.184
print(constants.calorie_th) #4.184
print(constants.calorie_IT) #4.1868
print(constants.erg) #1e-07
print(constants.Btu) #1055.05585262
print(constants.Btu_IT) #1055.05585262
print(constants.Btu_th) #1054.3502644888888
print(constants.ton_TNT) #4184000000.0Power
Return the specified unit in watts (e.g. horsepower returns 745.6998715822701 )
Example
from scipy import constants
print(constants.hp) #745.6998715822701
print(constants.horsepower) #745.6998715822701Force
Return the specified unit in newton (e.g. kilogram_force returns 9.80665 )
Example
from scipy import constants
print(constants.dyn) #1e-05
print(constants.dyne) #1e-05
print(constants.lbf) #4.4482216152605
print(constants.pound_force) #4.4482216152605
print(constants.kgf) #9.80665
print(constants.kilogram_force) #9.80665