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Python•Files, Modules, and the Standard Library

Python math Module

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Python math Module

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Overview

Formula

Python has a built - in module that you can use for mathematical tasks.

The math module has a set of methods and constants.

Math Methods

Method

Description math.acos() Returns the arc cosine of a number math.acosh() Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number math.asin() Returns the arc sine of a number math.asinh() Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number math.atan() Returns the arc tangent of a number in radians math.atan2()

Formula

Returns the arc tangent of y/x in radians math.atanh()

Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number math.ceil() Rounds a number up to the nearest integer math.comb() Returns the number of ways to choose k items from n items without repetition and order math.copysign() Returns a float consisting of the value of the first parameter and the sign of the second parameter math.cos() Returns the cosine of a number math.cosh() Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number math.degrees() Converts an angle from radians to degrees math.dist() Returns the Euclidean distance between two points (p and q), where p and q are the coordinates of that point math.erf() Returns the error function of a number math.erfc() Returns the complementary error function of a number math.exp() Returns E raised to the power of x math.expm1()

Returns E

x - 1 math.fabs() Returns the absolute value of a number math.factorial() Returns the factorial of a number math.floor() Rounds a number down to the nearest integer math.fmod()

Formula

Returns the remainder of x/y math.frexp()

Returns the mantissa and the exponent, of a specified number math.fsum() Returns the sum of all items in any iterable (tuples, arrays, lists, etc.) math.gamma() Returns the gamma function at x math.gcd() Returns the greatest common divisor of two integers math.hypot() Returns the Euclidean norm math.isclose() Checks whether two values are close to each other, or not math.isfinite() Checks whether a number is finite or not math.isinf() Checks whether a number is infinite or not math.isnan() Checks whether a value is NaN (not a number) or not math.isqrt() Rounds a square root number downwards to the nearest integer math.ldexp() Returns the inverse of math.frexp()

Formula

which is x * (2**i) of the given numbers x and i math.lgamma()

Returns the log gamma value of x math.log() Returns the natural logarithm of a number, or the logarithm of number to base math.log10()

Formula

Returns the base - 10 logarithm of x math.log1p()
Returns the natural logarithm of 1 + x math.log2()
Returns the base - 2 logarithm of x math.perm()

Returns the number of ways to choose k items from n items with order and without repetition math.pow() Returns the value of x to the power of y math.prod() Returns the product of all the elements in an iterable math.radians() Converts a degree value into radians math.remainder() Returns the closest value that can make numerator completely divisible by the denominator math.sin() Returns the sine of a number math.sinh() Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number math.sqrt() Returns the square root of a number math.tan() Returns the tangent of a number math.tanh() Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number math.trunc() Returns the truncated integer parts of a number

Math Constants

Constant

Description math.e Returns Euler's number (2.7182...) math.inf

Formula

Returns a floating - point positive infinity math.nan
Returns a floating - point NaN (Not a Number) value math.pi

Returns PI (3.1415...) math.tau Returns tau (6.2831...)

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