Python Python Built-in Modules

A

Tools for defining Abstract Base Classes (interfaces for Python classes). 2.6 aifc

1.5.2 argparse

2.7 array Efficient arrays of basic numeric types (compact alternative to lists). 1.0 ast Work with Python code as an Abstract Syntax Tree (analyze or transform code). 2.6 asyncio

3.4 atexit Register functions to run automatically when the program exits. 2.0 B

Encode and decode data using Base16, Base32, Base64, etc. 2.0 bdb Debugger framework used by pdb (implements the core debugging logic).

binascii Convert between binary and ASCII (hex, base64 helpers at C speed). 2.0 bisect

2.0 builtins

3.0 bz2

2.3 C

2.0 cgi Helpers for Common Gateway Interface (legacy web server scripts). 2.0 cgitb Pretty tracebacks for CGI scripts (HTML formatted error reports).

cmd

2.0 code Run an interactive interpreter or embed one in your program. 2.0 codecs

2.0 codeop Compile Python code objects conditionally (used by code editors and shells). 2.0 collections

2.4 colorsys Convert between color systems: RGB, YIQ, HLS, HSV. 2.0 concurrent Concurrency framework (futures) for running callables asynchronously. 3.2 configparser

3.0 contextlib

2.5 contextvars

3.7 copy Shallow and deep copy operations for Python objects. 2.0 copyreg Register custom pickling functions for complex objects. 3.0 csv

2.3 ctypes

2.5 curses

2.0 D

3.7 datetime Dates, times, time zones, and timedeltas made simple and precise. 2.3 dbm

2.0 decimal

2.4 difflib

2.1 dis Disassemble Python bytecode for inspection and debugging. 2.0 doctest Test examples embedded in docstrings (keeps docs and code in sync). 2.1 E

Parse, build, and send email messages (headers, MIME, attachments). 2.2 encodings Implementation of text encodings used by Python's codec system. 2.0 ensurepip Bootstraps pip into a Python installation. 3.4 enum Define enumerations (named constants) with nice semantics. 3.4 errno Standard error number constants from the OS. 2.0 F

Dump Python tracebacks on a crash or on demand (helps debug hard faults). 3.3 filecmp Compare files and directories to see what changed. 2.0 fileinput Loop over lines from stdin or a list of files as a single stream. 2.0 fnmatch

2.0 fractions Rational numbers (Fractions) for exact arithmetic. 2.6 ftplib FTP client library for transferring files. 2.0 functools

2.5 G

Control the garbage collector and inspect tracked objects. 2.0 getopt

1.5.2 getpass Prompt for a password without echoing it to the console. 2.0 gettext Internationalization (i18n) support for translating messages. 2.3 glob Find pathnames matching a pattern like *.py. 2.0 graphlib Topological sorting utilities for dependency graphs. 3.9 gzip

2.0 H